VisitWorkington
The History of
Discover the fascinating story of Cumbria's historic market town.
Workington in Cumbria boasts a rich and captivating history spanning over two millennia.
From Roman settlements to royal visits, from medieval markets to Industrial Revolution, our town has played a significant role in shaping England's heritage.
This remarkable journey through time showcases why Workington remains one of the most historically significant destinations for English Tourism, offering visitors countless opportunities to explore authentic historical sites and discover the stories that shaped this corner of Cumbria.
Early Settlement & Roman Times
The story of Workington begins long before written records, with evidence of human settlement dating back thousands of years. Archaeological discoveries in and around the town reveal traces of Bronze Age and Iron Age communities who recognised the strategic advantages of this coastal location. The Romans, masters of identifying prime locations for settlement and defence, established a significant presence here that would influence the area for centuries to come.
The Roman influence extended beyond simple military occupation. They developed trade routes, established administrative systems, and left behind archaeological treasures that continue to fascinate historians and visitors alike. Evidence of Roman coins, pottery, and building materials discovered throughout the area tells the story of a thriving settlement that served as an important link in the Roman network across northern England.
Anglo-Gaelic Northumbria
(7th - 9th Century)
Following the Roman withdrawal, Workington became part of the powerful Kingdom of Northumbria during the Anglo-Gaelic period. This era marked a fascinating blend of cultures, as Anglo-Saxon settlers mixed with existing Celtic populations and later Gaelic influences from across the Irish Sea. The result was a unique cultural heritage that distinguished this part of Cumbria from other regions of England.
During this period, Christianity began to take root in the area, with the establishment of early churches and religious communities. The influence of both Anglo-Saxon and Gaelic traditions created distinctive art, architecture, and social customs that would persist for generations. Trade flourished during this time, with merchants travelling along established routes connecting Ireland, Scotland, and the rest of England.
The Curwen Dynasty Begins
(10th - 12th Century)
The Norman Conquest brought dramatic changes to Workington with the arrival of the Curwen family, Norman nobles who would dominate the area for over 700 years. The Curwens were granted extensive lands by William the Conqueror, recognising their loyalty and military service. Their influence extended far beyond simple lordship, fundamentally shaping the development of medieval Workington.
Under Curwen rule, the settlement began to take on the characteristics of a proper medieval town. They established the first stone buildings, organised local governance, and encouraged trade and commerce. The family's long tenure created stability that allowed Workington to grow and prosper, laying the foundations for the market town that would emerge in later centuries.
Medieval Workington -
The Market Town Emerges
(7th - 9th Century)
Medieval Workington flourished as a chartered market town, with its strategic coastal position making it an important centre for regional trade and commerce. The granting of market privileges attracted merchants, craftspeople, and traders from across Cumberland and beyond. Weekly markets became the heart of town life, bringing together people from surrounding villages and creating the bustling commercial atmosphere that characterised medieval market towns.
The town's prosperity during this period is evident in the substantial buildings constructed during these centuries, many of which survive today. The parish church, market buildings, and merchant houses from this era create the historic streetscape that makes Workington such an attractive destination for visitors interested in England's medieval heritage. The layout of the town centre, with its market square and radiating streets, still reflects this medieval planning.
Royal Connections -
Mary Queen of Scots (1568)
One of the most dramatic and well-documented chapters in Workington's history occurred on 16th May 1568, when Mary Queen of Scots landed at the town after her dramatic escape from Scotland following her defeat at the Battle of Langside. Seeking refuge and support, she made her way to Workington Hall, the seat of the powerful Curwen family, hoping to find sanctuary before continuing to seek help from her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.
Mary's arrival brought international attention to this Cumbrian town, as her presence had significant political implications for England, Scotland, and France. The Curwen family, caught between loyalty to the English crown and the ancient traditions of hospitality, provided temporary shelter before Mary continued her journey south. This royal connection adds a layer of international intrigue to Workington's history that continues to fascinate visitors today.
The Industrial Revolution -
Coal Transforms the Town
(18th-19th Century)
The discovery and systematic exploitation of extensive coal reserves beneath and around Workington transformed the town from a market centre into an industrial powerhouse. The coal mining industry brought unprecedented prosperity and rapid population growth, as workers arrived from across Cumberland, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales seeking employment in the expanding mines.
The coal industry's impact extended far beyond employment. It funded major infrastructure projects, including improved harbours, roads, and eventually railways. The wealth generated by coal mining enabled the construction of grand civic buildings, churches, and housing that gave Victorian Workington its distinctive architectural character. Mining families developed strong community bonds and cultural traditions that became integral to the town's identity.
Steel & Railway Era -
Industrial Expansion (19th Century)
The 19th century brought further industrial transformation with the establishment of iron and steel production facilities. The Workington Iron and Steel Company, founded in 1884, became one of West Cumbria's largest employers and a significant force in the British steel industry. The company's success attracted additional industries and services, creating a diverse industrial economy.
The arrival of railway connections revolutionised transport and trade, linking Workington directly to national markets and supply chains. The railway enabled the efficient movement of coal, steel, and manufactured goods, while also bringing tourists and business visitors to the town. Victorian railway architecture, including the impressive station buildings, added to Workington's growing civic pride and architectural heritage.
Modern Workington -
Muncipal Borough Status(1888)
In 1888, Workington achieved a significant milestone when it received its charter as a municipal borough, formally recognising its importance as a regional centre and granting it enhanced powers of local government. This charter represented the culmination of centuries of growth and development, acknowledging Workington's evolution from a medieval market town to a major industrial centre.
The municipal charter enabled the town council to undertake ambitious civic improvements, including better sanitation, street lighting, public parks, and educational facilities. These developments reflected the Victorian belief in civic progress and municipal responsibility, creating the foundation for modern local government that continues to serve the community today.
Workington Today -
Heritage & Renewal
Today's Workington successfully balances respect for its remarkable historical heritage with forward-looking development and regeneration. The town's museums, heritage sites, and preserved buildings offer visitors comprehensive opportunities to explore this fascinating historical journey, from Roman times through the industrial revolution to the present day.
Modern Workington takes pride in its role as a regional centre for West Cumbria, maintaining its traditional functions as a market town while adapting to 21st-century economic challenges and opportunities. The town's rich history provides a strong foundation for tourism development, attracting visitors interested in authentic English heritage experiences.
Explore Workington's
Historical Legacy
Ready to discover more about Workington's incredible history? Visit our Museums & Heritage page to explore our historical attractions, or check out our Points of Interest to see where history comes alive. Our Walking & Nature trails often include historical highlights, perfect for combining heritage exploration with outdoor activities.
Plan your historical adventure by visiting our Plan Your Visit page for accommodation and travel information. Don't forget to check our What's On page for historical events, reenactments, and heritage celebrations throughout the year.